Low-cost aerial mapping and accuracy assessment using UAV internal parameters for Image georeferencing in undulating terrain

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry is an area of immense potential emerging today highly efficient method for surveying small- or medium-sized areas. UAVs are providing a cheaper solution for obtaining very precise results in terrain mapping. The integration of the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) / Post-processing Kinematic (PPK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) module on a UAV allows the reconstruction of a highly detailed and precise Digital Terrain Model without using Ground control points (GCPs) and provides the possibility to carry out surveys in high undulating areas. The combination of the internal flight parameters of the UAV with the geospatial parameters (multi-band GNSS) plays a major role to achieve high-end accuracy in UAV photogrammetric surveys. The objective of this study is to compare the RTK positioning accuracy with the PPK method. UAV data was processed by photogrammetric software Pix4DMapper, the RMSEz = 0.494451 m was calculated from the RTK data, while the data generated by the PPK method yielded a mean RMSEz = 0.313777 m. After careful and in-depth observation of all dimensions of the geospatial models, concludes that UAV data obtained by the PPK method is more accurate than RT

Complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II) & Co(II) with Schiff Bases Derived from Sulphadiazines & Salicylaldehyde

539-54

Fair and efficient router congestion control

Congestion is a natural phenomenon in any network queuing system, and is unavoidable if the queuing system is operated near capacity. In this paper we study how to set the rules of a queuing system so that all the users have a self-interest in controlling congestion when it happens. Routers in the internet respond to local congestion by dropping packets. But if packets are dropped indiscriminately, the effect can be to encourage senders to actually increase their transmission rates, worsening the congestion and destabilizing the system. Alternatively, and only slightly more preferably, the effect can be to arbitrarily let a few insistent senders take over most of the router capacity. We approach this problem from first principles: a router packet-dropping protocol is a mechanism that sets up a game between the senders, who are in turn competing for link capacity. Our task is to design this mechanism so that the game equilibrium is desirable: high total rate is achieved and is shared widely among all senders. In addition, equilibrium should be reestablished quickly in response to changes in transmission rates. Our solution is based upon auction theory: in principle, although not always in practice, we drop packets of the highest-rate sender, in case of congestion. We will prove the game-theoretic merits of our method. We'll also describe a variant of the method with some further advantages that will be supported by network simulations

Prevention Strategies for Patient Safety in Hospitals: <em>Methodical Paradigm, Managerial Perspective, and Artificial Intelligence Advancements</em>

Patient safety is fundamental to high-quality patient care. Hospitalization has its inherent complications. Medical errors can further comprise patient safety. Hospitals provides an opportunity for practicing preventive medicine. Two important areas are (i) making treatment and hospitalization free from side-effects (ii) obviating medical errors. In hospitals these can have serious consequences. Patient safety compromise can occur at the individual or system level. A methodical model for this should include (i) Intervention design (ii) Intervention implementation (iii) Intervention institutionalization. Managerial perspective important for leadership and team work. Leadership can energize excellence in the coordination and mobilization of the large number of inter-dependent processes and resources needed for achievement of patient safety. Three-dimensional strategy for Leadership is suggested (i) Initiatives appealing (ii) Integrating all (iii) Incremental advancements. The ‘Five Es’ for Teamwork, and the ‘Five Cs’ for Organizational Change are elaborated. Artificial Intelligence has the potential to improve healthcare safety. AI enables analysis of data from multiple sources simultaneously using advanced algorithms. This identifies predictors and outcomes. Ensemble learning algorithms, used by advanced practitioners of machine learning, are useful with high final accuracy. Hence in matters of health these should be utilized. All this will make prevention targeted, better, and timely

Categorization of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding according to PALM-COEIN FIGO classification

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common problem of the women in the reproductive age group and leads to the frequent visits of women in hospitals to health care providers. In an effort to create a universally accepted system of nomenclature to describe uterine bleeding abnormalities in reproductive-aged women, an alternative classification system polyp, adenomyosis, leiomyoma, malignancy and hyperplasia, coagulopathy, ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, and not yet classified, known by the acronym PALM-COEIN developed.Methods: It is a retrospective study on 200 patients of abnormal uterine bleeding to categorize them on the basis of PALM-COEIN classification. Patient grouped under these categories after detailed history, examination, investigations and histopathological reports.Results: Ovulatory dysfunction was the most common cause of AUB in patients presenting to the gynecology outpatient department (n=60, 30%). It was followed by leiomyoma (n=48, 24%) and endometrial causes (n=38, 19%) and were the top three etiologies for AUB respectively. Adenomyosis (n=26, 13%), not classified (n=12, 6%), iatrogenic (n=8, 4%), polyp (n=4, 2%) and malignancy and coagulopathy each (n=2, 1%) contributing least to the PALM-COEIN classification as an etiology for AUB.Conclusions: PALM-COEIN classification is a universally accepted and consistent method of knowing exact etiology following investigations, so the proper treatment can be done for AUB